Good Day Clients & Partners,
Please find below the Freight & Logistics Update for the week. As always, the Inter-Sped team are ready to go the extra mile for you – so don’t hesitate to contact us.
SOUTH AFRICA
Industry-wide update on Chinese or Lunar New Year: celebrated this year from January 28 to February 4, is a time of increased activity and potential delays in the shipping and logistics industry. This period often sees heightened congestion before and after the holiday, as many businesses in China and other Asian countries shut down production for several weeks. Employees typically return home during this time, causing widespread closures across industries. To ensure your shipments are delivered on time and to avoid disruptions, we encourage you to connect with our team for assistance and planning ahead. Preparing now will help mitigate any potential delays during this busy season.
Air Freight
Imports: All services running smoothly. Globally – air cargo volumes are predicted by IATA to rise by 5.8% year on year, supported by e-commerce and Red Sea-related demand.
Exports: Services ex ZA are all running smoothly
Sea Freight
Imports: South African Ports continue to face congestions and delays primarily due to severe shortage of equipment and weather conditions.
While some measures, such as Transnet’s procurement of new equipment and funding initiatives, are underway, stakeholders advised to prepare for prolonged disruptions. Continuous monitoring is recommended for latest updates
Exports: Minimal vessel departure delays experienced at Durban Port. Services running much smoother than previous quarter.
Road Freight
Local: Services in full swing and running smoothly.
Port Updates
DURBAN
The port has experienced low wind speeds during the week. Appointment slots are constrained due to high volume of containers moving through Durban terminals. Increased delays in collection of containers experienced due to transport booking system limitations. All IDMs continue to move as scheduled.
- Pier 1 : 3-5 days delay
- Pier 2 : 7-10 days delay
- Durban Point : 3 days delay
CAPE TOWN
The port has experienced windy weather during the week. CFS has normal volumes of traffic and operations continue as per normal. IDMs are moving as scheduled.
- CTCT : 4-7 days delay
- MPT : 1-3 days delay
PORT ELIZABETH
The port has experienced strong wind speeds during the week. CFS has normal volumes of traffic and operations continue as per normal. IDMs are moving as scheduled.
- PECT : 0-1 day delay
- NCT : 1-3 days delay
AFRICA & INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS
East African ports continue to experience congestion. Export scheduling to the region is erratic at present resulting in multiple changes to published schedules. We will continue to monitor the situation and provide updates accordingly.
Air Freight
Imports: All services running smoothly.
Exports: All services running smoothly. Air France is no longer servicing: Ougadougou, Burkina Faso, Bamako Mali, N’djamena, Niamey. Cargo into Senegal on Ethiopian Airline has a +/- 2 week in advance booking due to capacity ex ADD-DSS
Cross Trade – Air: Rates and availability are slowly normalising as the airlines recover from the 2024 peak season.
Sea Freight
Imports: Port congestions continue & erratic sailing schedule.
Exports: All services running smoothly.
Road Freight
Exports: Road Freight Consolidations to Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Angola and DRC have resumed. Availability for dedicated cross border vehicles has also normalised.
Mozambique remains closed as truckers hold back vehicles due to risk of riots and unrest at the border and in the capital.
Port Updates
ANGOLA
- Berthing delays of 4 days experienced at Luanda port.
GHANA
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Tema port.
IVORY COAST
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Abidjan port.
KENYA
- Berthing delays of 7 days experienced at Mombasa port.
MAURITIUS
- Berthing delays of 3 days experienced at Port Louis.
MOZAMBIQUE
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Maputo port.
NAMIBIA
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Walvis Bay port.
NIGERIA
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Apapa port. There is heavy congestion being experienced leading to long queues for offloading and collecting containers. Please expect a potential disruption to delivery schedules.
SENEGAL
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Dakar port.
TANZANIA
- Berthing delays of 4 days experienced at Dar es Salaam port.
NORTH AMERICA
Air Freight
Imports: All services running smoothly with minor delays during transhipment.
Exports: All services running smoothly. Rates are stable.
Sea Freight
Imports: Port congestions continue as a result of the strikes & erratic sailing schedule
Exports: Services are running smoothly with minimal delays
Port Updates
CANADA
MONTREAL
- Berthing delays of 4 days experienced at this port. Vessel productivity is strong, but winter navigation restrictions are now in full effect.
TORONTO
- Berthing delays of 8 days experienced at this port.
VANCOUVER
- Berthing delays of 4 days experienced at this port.
USA
Due to inclement weather experienced across the USA coupled with deteriorating road conditions, the following Shipco Transport offices and CFSs (Container freight stations) experienced closures during the week: Offices: Atlanta, Charleston, Houston. CFS’s: Atlanta, Charleston, Houston, Norfolk.
Terminals Updates:
- NEW YORK / NEW JERSEY – Vessel waiting time is up to 2 days. New cranes have arrived at APMT and are currently being assembled and commissioned. While berth space remains limited, the upgrades will allow two vessels to be worked simultaneously. A snowstorm on Sunday, January 19, temporarily shut down vessel operations overnight into January 20. All terminals were closed, causing significant traffic congestion on port roadways.
- NORFOLK– Vessel waiting time is up to 5 days. One crane is out of service and is expected to be back working next week.
- CHARLESTON – Vessel waiting time is up to 3 days.
- SAVANNAH – Vessel waiting time is up to 7 days.
- MIAMI – Vessel waiting time is up to 3 days.
- HOUSTON – Vessel waiting time is up to 4 days.
- OAKLAND – Vessel waiting time is up to 5 days.
- LOS ANGELES/ LONG BEACH – Vessel waiting time is up to 2 days. No significant delays reported at the port complex related to the ongoing fires in the area.
- SEATTLE – Vessel waiting time is up to 3 days. Effective January 6, 2025, T18 has moved to a 5 day a week operation.
Vessel Scheduling Amendments (information below is correct at time of publication):
- Maersk Vilnius – with voyage 449S/502N will perform a split call in Cape Town by discharging in at CTMT and loading at CTCT.
LATIN AMERICA
Air Freight
Imports: All services running smoothly.
Exports: All services running smoothly.
Sea Freight
Imports: Vessel Scheduling Amendments (NB to note that these schedule amendments will impact both inbound and outbound cargo and container movements). Scheduling changes are announced by carriers with short notice.
Exports: All services running smoothly.
Port Updates
ARGENTINA
- Berthing delays of 2days experienced at Buenos Aires port.
BRAZIL
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Santos port. Brasil terminal only working with 2 piers.
MEXICO
- Berthing delays of 3 days experienced at Altamira and Veracruz ports, and 2 days at Manzanillo port. Altamira and Veracruz port closed during the week due adverse conditions in the zone (strong winds & heavy swell).
NORTH WEST CONTINENT, UNITED KINGDOM, MEDITERRANEAN
Air Freight
Imports: Severe weather being experienced in some regions. Some delays are expected. Delays however have not been severe as operations continue to function optimally.
Exports: All services running smoothly.
Sea Freight
Port Strikes in France: The strikes are expected to cause significant disruptions to port operations, impacting deadlines and equipment handling.
Imports: Vessel schedule delays continue to impact the region. Amended port rotations and port omissions on the carrier services, as well as vessel changes, cascading / rolled schedules and blank sailings may result in amended LCL cargo loading schedules
Exports: Terminal delays experienced with Exports to France. Considering the above Port strikes, situation will be closely monitored
English Channel: Extreme Weather conditions are expected in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay over the coming days. This will severely impact vessel movement and port operations and might cause delays to South Africa bound vessels and vessels sailing North to Rotterdam/London, we will keep you informed if there are any significant deviations to the schedules.
Vessel schedule delays continue to impact the region. Amended port rotations and port omissions on the carrier services, as well as vessel changes, cascading / rolled schedules and blank sailings may result in amended LCL cargo loading schedules.
Port Updates
BELGIUM
- Berthing delays of 5 days experienced at Antwerp port.
FRANCE
- Berthing delays of 3 days experienced at Le Havre port. CNMP/GMP/TNMSC: Ongoing strikes in Le Havre with minimal impact on operations. Strike pattern is 4 hours’ operational disruptions on 3 separate days.
GERMANY
- Berthing delays of 3 days experienced at Hamburg port and 2 days at Bremerhaven port.
ITALY
- Berthing delays of 6 days experienced at Genova port and 8 days at La Spezia port.
NETHERLANDS
- Berthing delays of 7 days experienced at Rotterdam port. ECT: Ongoing labour dispute over the expired CLA with threats of strike actions but no confirmed action planned yet.
SPAIN
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Barcelona port. FCL containers transshipping in Algeciras have expected delays of 2 weeks due to port congestion.
SWEDEN
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Gothenburg port.
TURKEY
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Istanbul port.
UNITED KINGDOM
- Berthing delays of 4 days experienced at London Gateway port. Terminal with vessel backlog. Terminal is providing maximum resources to work through the high amount of vessel bunching.
Vessel Scheduling Amendments (information below is correct at time of publication)::
- Mehuin – with voyage 245N will temporarily phase out of the SAECS service in Europe. She will start her journey again on 24th February 2025 in London.
INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT & MIDDLE EAST
Air Freight
Imports: Services are running smoothly. In the Middle East however, airlines have suspended services to and from some countries/territories.
Exports: All services running smoothly. Rates are stable.
Sea Freight
Imports: All services running smoothly.
Exports: All services running relatively smoothly.
Port Updates
INDIA
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Nhava Sheva port and 1 day at Chennai port.
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Jebel Ali port.
SRI LANKA
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Colombo port. FCL containers transshipping in Colombo have expected delays of 2-3 weeks.
Vessel Scheduling Amendments (information below is correct at time of publication)::
- Halsted – with voyage 507N will phase out of the Protea service and will be replaced by the Irenes Rhythm with voyage 514N after calling Durban.
ASIA PACIFIC (Including Oceania)
Kindly be reminded that China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan will celebrate the Chinese New Year from the 28 January – 5 February 2025, while Korea, Singapore and South-East Asia will celebrate the “Lunar New Year” on the 29 January 2025. During this period, our partners offices will be closed and trucking for collections and deliveries will be affected. This may cause delays to your shipments.
- China: 28th January to 4th February, resuming 5th February
- Hong Kong: 29th January to 2nd February, resuming 3rd February
- Korea: 28th January to 30th January, resuming 31st January
- Malaysia: 29th January to 30th January, resuming 31st January
- Singapore: 28 January to 30th January, resuming 31st January
- Taiwan: 25th January to 2nd February, resuming 3rd February
- Vietnam: 27th January to 2nd February. resuming 3rd February
Air Freight
Imports: All offices and suppliers are closed for the Lunar New Year.
Exports: All services running smoothly.
Sea Freight
Imports: Msc announced Blank Sailing Week 6 from Trade Asia to South Africa. Space constraints are anticipated closer to and after Chinese New Year
A pre-Lunar New Year Cargo rush and bad weather causing vessel bunching are congesting major Asian Ports, leading to berthing delays of up to 5 days. The worst affected Ports includes Shanghai. Tokyo, Ningbo, Busan and Manila, although the lengths of delays varies by container line.
Lunar Year begins, and manufacturing and logistics have slowed down in the past week or so, Ex China Ocean rates – that had climbed earlier during the pre-holiday rush have also eased.
Most suppliers (60%) plan to return to work in Week 7, while 35% will be back immediately after the holiday ends on February 4. Depending on the demand and if there are large backlogs, Ocean carriers will possibly propose potential increases or GRI’s.
Exports: All services running relatively smoothly.
Port Updates
HONG KONG
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at this port.
KOREA
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Busan port.
MALAYSIA
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Port Kelang. FCL containers transshipping in Tanjung Pelepas have expected delays of 1-2 weeks.
NANSHA
- Berthing delays of 5 days experienced at this port.
NINGBO
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at this port.
QINGDAO
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at this port.
SHANGHAI
- Berthing delays of 3 days experienced at this port.
SHEKOU / YANTIAN
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Shekou and Yantian ports.
XIAMEN
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at this port.
XINGANG
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at this port.
SINGAPORE
- Berthing delay of 1 day being experienced at this port. FCL containers transshipping in Singapore have expected delays of 1-2 weeks. Shipping line Cosco has reported port congestion and backlogs in Singapore.
TAIWAN
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Kaohsiung port.
THAILAND
- Berthing delay of 1 day experienced at Bangkok port.
VIETNAM
- Berthing delays of 2 days experienced at Ho Chi Minh port and 1 day at Hai Phong port.
NEWS ARTICLES
Better box evacuation at DBN Pier 2, but for how long?
21/01/2025
The recent deployment of four new straddle carriers at the Port of Durban’s Pier 2 terminal has already improved container movement, but it remains to be seen whether these gains will last. Durban Terminals chief executive Earle Peters noted that efficiencies have improved, though it is still early. Ashleigh Govender, a representative from Positive Freight Solutions, echoed this sentiment, saying truck turnaround times have been better in recent days. However, he cautioned that the improvement might be due to lower container volumes. Despite this, Peters confirmed that no vessels are currently at anchor, and berthing is proceeding as scheduled.
To further enhance operations, Transnet Port Terminals (TPT) plans to expand its straddle carrier fleet from 16 to 20, with an additional eight carriers being assembled and deployed by mid-February, bringing the total fleet to about 60 by the end of the first quarter. While Govender acknowledged this as a significant improvement, he also pointed out that older straddle carriers continue to break down frequently. During December, only 30 carriers were operational at times, causing severe delays. Both Peters and Govender agreed that it would take at least a week to determine if the new carriers will lead to sustained efficiency in container movement. Source
Civil unrest cuts Maputo Port volumes
21/01/2025
In 2024, the Port of Maputo handled 30.9 million tonnes of cargo and contributed $46.8 million to the Mozambican government. According to the Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC), total cargo volumes dropped by 1% compared to 2023. Despite this, MPDC’s direct operations grew significantly, handling 14.2 million tonnes—up 14% from the previous year. Road transport also saw an 11% increase, reaching 10.7 million tonnes, while rail volumes rose by 7% to just over 3 million tonnes. However, disruptions such as post-election protests, road blockages, and a railway derailment affected overall terminal operations at both the Port of Maputo and the Port of Matola.
Despite these challenges, MPDC remained resilient, maintaining strong operational performance through diversification and efficiency efforts. CEO Osório Lucas highlighted the company’s success in expanding direct operations and transport volumes. A key achievement was the 12% increase in concession fees paid to the government, rising to $46.8 million from $41.7 million in 2023. Looking ahead, MPDC plans major expansion projects in 2025, including the enlargement of both the container and coal terminals, set to begin in the first half of the year. Source
Unions renew call for industrial action at France’s biggest box port
24/01/2025
Dockers and port worker unions at France’s largest container port, Le Havre, have launched a series of strikes in protest against state pension reforms, with actions set to continue throughout the month. Workers will stage four-hour walkouts on 13 specific days from January 27 to February 28, along with multiple 48-hour strikes. The unrest may extend to other French ports, as seen in Calais, where around 80 workers stopped work for four hours, disrupting ferry services and forcing cancellations by P&O and DFDS.
The dispute over raising the retirement age has been ongoing for over a year, leading to major disruptions last June when a 24-hour strike blocked Le Havre’s terminals and Marseille-Fos, France’s second-largest container port. This caused ship cancellations, vessel delays, and logistical bottlenecks, with hauliers facing up to a week of delays and increased costs. The protests were paused due to political upheaval, including President Macron dissolving Parliament and calling snap elections. Now, after two new governments, unions have resumed their fight with renewed strike actions. Source
Carriers divert Indian cargo to avoid congestion worries at Colombo
23/01/2025
With ongoing capacity challenges at Sri Lanka’s Colombo port, major container lines are developing alternative solutions for Indian east coast shippers who traditionally relied on the transshipment hub. MSC, ONE, and Maersk are leading this shift as the industry adapts to changing network alliances. MSC has launched a dedicated feeder service from Kolkata’s Haldia Dock to Vizhinjam, a newly operational transshipment port designed to reduce dependence on Colombo. This service runs every 10 days with a stop at Paradip en route. MSC has also extended its Jade and Dragon loops, connecting Asia to Northern Europe and the Mediterranean, to include Vizhinjam for regular operations starting next month.
ONE has taken a different approach, moving containers by rail from Kolkata to Nhava Sheva with minimal port waiting times. The carrier has secured space at a third-party container freight station (CFS) in Kolkata to streamline cargo handling. ONE’s rail service provides Indian exporters and importers with direct access to key global markets, including the U.S., Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa. To strengthen its presence in India, ONE is set to launch the Indian Ocean Express (IOX) service next month, covering three key ports—Hazira, Mundra, and Nhava Sheva. This move positions it to compete with the newly formed Gemini Cooperation between Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd while offering Indian shippers pricing advantages due to excess capacity and weaker near-term demand.
The ongoing congestion at Colombo, which has led to vessels skipping calls due to long berthing delays, is accelerating this shift. Industry experts note that carriers must attract more cargo from inland regions frustrated by transshipment delays. The growing use of rail also helps reposition empty containers to deficit regions, improving overall efficiency. In response to past congestion at Colombo, Maersk had already been diverting Indian east coast cargo to Nhava Sheva via block trains in collaboration with Container Corp of India (Concor). As carriers adapt to new logistics challenges, these alternative routes are becoming increasingly viable for Indian trade. Souce
Compliance fears as Indian Customs introduces revised manifest rules
24/01/2025
Indian Customs has implemented the long-awaited Sea Cargo Manifest and Transhipment Regulations (SCMTR) across all ports starting January 16. Originally announced in 2018, the new rules aim to speed up customs clearance and improve transparency by requiring ocean carriers to submit cargo manifests before vessel arrival or departure, rather than the previous two- to three-day window. This change aligns India’s system with global standards like the U.S. 24-hour rule. While the update is expected to streamline operations, it also presents compliance challenges for shipping lines and logistics providers. Failure to adhere to the new requirements could lead to penalties, cargo delays, or withheld bills of lading, as warned by carriers such as MSC and ONE.
SCMTR replaces three outdated regulations dating back to the 1960s and 70s, marking a major step in digitizing India’s logistics industry. Mumbai-based logistics provider Teamglobal highlighted that this shift modernizes decades-old manifest filing practices, making supply chain operations more efficient. However, industry experts caution that tighter regulations could increase compliance burdens and costs for cargo owners and service partners. To avoid disruptions, container lines have urged customers to follow the updated procedures strictly. While the new system promises long-term benefits, businesses must adapt quickly to avoid potential risks and delays. Source
Ambrey: Red Sea Shipping Expected to Resume Gradually After Conditional Houthi Ceasefire
20/01/2025
Maritime traffic through the Red Sea is expected to recover gradually following the recent Israel-Hamas ceasefire, though security concerns remain. According to maritime security firm Ambrey, shipping operations will depend on the stability of the ceasefire, which began on January 19 and is set to last 42 days in its first phase. While the Houthi-aligned Humanitarian Operations Coordination Center (HOCC) has announced a pause in attacks on merchant vessels, they have explicitly excluded Israel-owned or -flagged ships and warned they will resume operations if they perceive any aggression. The Joint Maritime Information Centre (JMIC) has urged caution, stating that vessels linked to Israel, the US, or the UK remain at high risk.
Since November 2023, Houthi attacks have resulted in over 100 incidents, including two sunken ships, four seafarer deaths, and the ongoing hostage situation of 25 crew members from the car carrier Galaxy Leader. Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi has signaled that his forces are prepared to intervene if they believe Israel has violated the ceasefire. Analysts, including Drewry, predict that container lines will take months rather than weeks to resume Suez Canal operations, waiting for absolute security assurances. For now, shipping companies are advised to conduct thorough risk assessments before attempting Red Sea passages. Source
Potus inauguration: trade world holds its breath
20/01/2025
As Donald Trump begins his second term as U.S. President, global trade is expected to face major shifts, with a strong focus on tariffs and protectionism. Trump has proposed “universal tariffs” on imports from all countries, particularly targeting Chinese goods, as part of his strategy to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce reliance on foreign imports. However, experts warn that the details of these tariffs—such as their levels and timing—remain unclear. Retaliatory measures from affected nations, including Canada and Mexico, could lead to a trade war, disrupting established trade routes and adding uncertainty to global logistics.
Higher tariffs would likely raise costs for imported goods, affecting supply chains worldwide. Experts suggest companies may need to adapt by nearshoring or onshoring production to navigate shifting trade policies. A study by the London School of Economics estimates that Trump’s tariffs could lower U.S. GDP by 0.64%, with global economic losses potentially reaching 0.56% in 2025. As businesses brace for these disruptions, analysts emphasize the importance of strategic planning and flexibility to manage the evolving trade landscape. Source
Shipping lines remain cautious about Suez Canal
22/01/2025
Despite a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, trade through the Suez Canal is unlikely to resume quickly due to ongoing instability in the Middle East. While the Houthi movement has claimed it will halt attacks on shipping, analysts remain skeptical. Drewry, a leading maritime consultancy, warns that the situation is still volatile, especially following Donald Trump’s return to the U.S. presidency. Shipping companies remain cautious, with many continuing to reroute vessels around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid risks in the Red Sea. The reluctance to trust Houthi assurances, combined with security concerns and economic factors, means carriers are unlikely to return to Suez in the short term.
Additionally, Trump’s trade policies add another layer of uncertainty for global shipping. His administration’s plans for new tariffs, particularly on China, Mexico, and Vietnam, could disrupt supply chains and impact global trade flows. The industry is also closely watching how carriers will adjust capacity once Suez conditions improve, as they may cut available shipping space to maintain profitability. Drewry highlights that while shipping lines have benefited financially from the longer routes, future developments—both geopolitical and economic—will determine whether this trend continues or if adjustments will be necessary. Source
Liner schedule reliability worsened in a Q4 ‘rife with challenges’
23/01/2025
Global shipping reliability declined again in Q4 2024, with average delays increasing to 4.8 days from 4.5 days in Q3, according to liner database eeSea. Although this is still better than the worst delays of 7.7 days during the COVID-19 peak, it matches early 2021 levels. Strikes at Canada’s west coast ports and a three-day ILA strike on the U.S. east coast contributed to worsening schedule reliability. However, some trade routes are showing signs of recovery, particularly Asia-North Europe, which stabilized, and Asia-Mediterranean, which improved by 1.7 days. The outlook for early 2025 could improve further if the Israel-Gaza ceasefire holds, reducing disruptions in the Red Sea.
Among carriers, Maersk maintained its position as the most reliable, with an average delay of 2.4 days, followed by CMA CGM (3.6 days), Cosco (4 days), and Hapag-Lloyd (4.7 days). Zim, however, saw a sharp decline, dropping from third place in Q1 to eighth by the end of the year, with delays rising to 5.7 days. Despite industry discussions about achieving 90% schedule reliability, logistics expert Alan Mctaggart expressed skepticism, stating that visibility, coordination, and vendor performance are more important than perfect reliability. He emphasized that shippers prioritize predictability over minor delays, as most transit times are already a week or more.
On the alliance front, Ocean and standalone services emerged as the most reliable, both averaging 4.2-day delays. The soon-to-be-disbanded 2M and THE alliances struggled, with delays of five days and 7.4 days, respectively. As alliances restructure in early 2025, non-alliance services could become the most reliable for the first time since 2023. While reliability issues persist, the gradual improvement in some trade routes and upcoming network changes suggest a more stable shipping landscape in the months ahead. Source
SOURCES & REFERENCES
SACO CFR | Hapag Lloyd | Maersk | MSC | Transnet | The LoadStar Publications | gCaptain.com | Shipco Transport | Splash247.com | Freightnews | Seatrade Maritime News | Automotive Logistics | Lloyds List
Again, the Inter-Sped team is here for all freight and Logistics needs – We will always do our best for you and keep you posted on your shipments progress on an individual shipment level.
Thank you for choosing Inter-Sped.
JJ & The Inter-Sped Team
